Traditionally grouped in three: wisdom (right view, right intention), ethical conduct
(right speech, action, livelihood), and mental discipline (right effort, mindfulness,
concentration).
“Right” here translates samma — complete, whole, integral — not morally correct in a
narrow sense. The eight are not sequential; they unfold together, each strengthening the
others. Neglect any one and the others weaken.
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Related
The Four Noble Truths — The Buddha's first teaching after his awakening — a four-line diagnosis and prescription that structures all of Buddhism.
Dharma — In Indian traditions, a word with layered meanings — duty, truth, teaching, the nature of things as they are.
Meditation — A family of practices that train attention and awareness — cultivated across every major contemplative tradition under many names.