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Ibn Arabi

Andalusian Sufi mystic and philosopher (1165–1240) — the "Greatest Shaykh," whose doctrine of the unity of being shaped Sufism for centuries.

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Ibn Arabi’s wahdat al-wujud — “the unity of being” — holds that only Being exists; what appears as multiplicity is the one Reality manifesting through countless names and forms. His Fusus al-Hikam (Bezels of Wisdom) and Futuhat al-Makkiyya (Meccan Openings) are among Islamic philosophy’s most profound and difficult works.

The claim is not pantheism in the usual sense — God is not the world — but the world has no being except as the self-disclosure of God. Ibn Arabi’s vision anticipated and shaped Rumi and the entire later Sufi tradition.

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