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Heart Sutra

A short Mahayana text condensing the entire Prajnaparamita (Perfection of Wisdom) literature into about 250 Sanskrit syllables.

mahayana buddhismzentibetan buddhism

The Heart Sutra is chanted daily in Zen and Mahayana monasteries around the world. Its central line — form is emptiness, emptiness is form — states in six words the core Mahayana insight: appearance and emptiness are not two different things but two faces of the same thing.

The sutra is framed as a teaching from Avalokiteshvara to Shariputra. Its concluding mantra — gate gate paragate parasamgate bodhi svaha — “gone, gone, gone beyond, gone utterly beyond, awakening!” — resists translation and is usually chanted in Sanskrit.

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concept tradition practice teacher text
  1. The Heart Sutra, trans. Red Pine (Counterpoint, 2004) — Translation with extensive commentary tracing the text's history
  2. Heart Sutra — Lion's Roar translation by Kazuaki Tanahashi and Joan Halifax